WVUS New Caledonia
Mosquito Network in the French Pacific
Some Contemporary Recollections
by David Ricquish
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Ann Lewis USO, broadcasting live from AES, New Caledonia, May 16 1944.
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In May 1943, a station was heard in New Zealand,
identifying itself with the call letters FJP and broadcasting from
Noumea, in the Free French Territory of New Caledonia. The frequency
was 560 kHz. This station is believed to have ended broadcasts around
June or July 1943.
Shortly afterwards, on September 9, 1943, a new station came
on air. Known as All Services Radio it was operated by the International
Red Cross for military personnel from the USA, Australia and New
Zealand who were marshalling on Grande Terre in preparation for
the island hopping campaign towards Japan.
The station broadcast on 960 kHz. Each day, between noon
and 2pm, and again from 5pm-10pm, All Services Radio broadcast
programs of the US Office of War Information (OWI). These programmes
were received via shortwave relay. The station ended broadcasts
in February 1944.
It was immediately replaced by a station operated by the American Expeditionary Forces and was identified simply as AEF. This soon changed to the American Entertainment Service,
identifying as AES and using a frequency of 975 kHz with one of
the more powerful 1000 watt transmitters obtained by the fledgling
AFRS for use in the South Pacific and North Africa.
As Armed Forces Radio Service the station was allocated the
callsign WVUS and established as the 3rd in a network of stations
which became known as The Mosquito Network.
WVUS broadcast for 17 hours daily providing standard AFRS
programming, from 7am-midnight.
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Listener confirmation letter sent from WVUS Tontouta for a December 1945 reception report.
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In late 1945, the studios were relocated from Noumea to the
Tontouta airbase, about 45 minutes drive north of Noumea. In March
1946, WVUS ceased using the Mosquito Network as a station ID,
and came under the management of the Army Airways Communications
System (AACS).
WVUS ceased broadcasting on the evening of Saturday, June
15, 1946. Exactly one month later, the Tontouta airbase also closed
down. This was the last remaining US base in the South Pacific
outside American territory.
NZNBS Pacific Unit
During the period April 1943 to August 1944, the New Zealand
National Broadcasting Service stationed its Pacific Broadcasting
Unit in Noumea.
Modelled on the Middle East unit, the technicians and reporters
travelled extensively northwards following troop movements, and
broadcast a daily 'Kiwi Hour' live to New Zealand military personnel
using the facilities of Radio Noumea.
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Captain Joe Thompson, Manager of AES Noumea and Kenneth Spanner USO broadcasting live from New Caledonia, May 16 1944.
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Personal messages from NZ servicemen (50%) and talks of personal
experiences from servicement, commentaries and recordings of various
ceremonies (50%) were prepared and sent back to NZ for broadcast
over the NBS network twice weekly in the programme With the Boys
Overseas where it was enthusiastically received.
When the unit left Noumea in August 1944, all of its equipment
was left behind, and donated to Radio Noumea.
On Air Fungus
Fungus was another serious problem. It not only grew in shoes,
toes and crotches, it grew in equipment such as microphones. The
ultimate in radio listening pleasure is not listening to a man
scratching his fungus-filled crotch while being cheerful through
a fungus-filled microphone.
The station manager at Noumea, reported back to AFRS that
it was necessary to twice-daily blow out the fungus from the microphones
with a bellows. He made no mention of how he solved the other
fungus problems.
Fungus, along with frequent periods of 99.999% humidity,
limited the useful life of radio receivers to about four months
before their innards simply rotted away
Radios were already in short supply and were most often placed
in the mess tent or other common areas so they could be enjoyed
by the greatest number of troops.
It would be much later in the war, but the military eventually
developed a radio receiver sprayed with plastic that was virtually
waterproof.
Notes:
Brass Button Broadcasters, Trent Christman. Turner Publishing Company, PO Box 3101, Paducah, KY 42002-3101. ISBN 1-56311-086-5. © 1992 Trent Christman.
You can read reviews of this book and buy from Amazon
A Dog Named Satchmo
The station at New Caledonia had a professional cast of players.
Among them were Jack Paar and Jackie Cooper. Paar was later to
do the 'Tonight Show' on television. Jackie Cooper was an actor
best known for his childhood role in a move called 'The Kid'.
WHA (Bill) Cole an engineering staff member was later renowned
in Hollywood as the audio engineer on some well known radio and
TV programs Another personality at Noumea was Bruce Collier from
Chicago radio.
One of the best loved characters at the station was not a
human, but a dog named Muck. A more famous pup was Satchmo Brown.
Satchmo was fun because he liked to play football.
We had an old football with no bladder. It was stuffed with
newspaper. When it was thrown in the air, he would catch the ball
with his two front paws. He would put it down and pick it up by
the lacing throng and bring it back.
Notes:
The Start of Armed Forces Radio, Ivan (Texas Jack) Sadler. © SMECC 1996.
You can read the full article at www.smecc.org and look at their photo library of WVUQ Espiritu Santos and other WWII Pacific area stations.
Remote Grocery Order
It cannot be said, however, that the day-to-day operation
of the Mosquito Network is always free from troubles. There are some
things in the South Pacific that no-one can reckon with.
Once, when AES Noumea had to broadcast an important 'remote',
the engineers found that they could not run their own lines to
the spot. They contacted the local French Telephone Company and
asked to borrow one of its lines for an hour. Certainly, said
the manager.
Everything was arranged and the program went to air with clockwork
precision. But, in the middle of it, another voice, a woman's
voice, suddenly interrupted.
'Alors' said the voice, 'donnezmoi du pain et deux douzaines
d'ouefs…..'
A French housewife was telephoning her order to the grocer.
Notes:
Somewhere in the Pacific, Lawrence Lader. © NY Times, December 17, 1944 as reprinted in The Start of Armed Forces Radio, Ivan (Texas Jack) Sadler. © SMECC 1996.
DX Reception Report
I came across some of my old copies of notes taken when
listening to DX and later used for sending reports away. Among
them were the ones I logged when up in the Pacific during the
war and written in pencil (no ballpoints in those days) on yellow
teleprinter paper which I operated. There is even a stamp
'RNZAF Cypher Office'.
May 22, 1945 AFRS Noumea
7.48pm Fibber McGee and Molly
7:59 and ½ This is the Armed Forces Radio Service
8.00pm AFRS Noumea, the correct time, 5 seconds before 8pm
News followed
8.15pm 'The gong indicates 5 seconds before 8:15'
Spotlight Band featuring Frankie Masters
All these stations (WVUQ, WVUS, WVTK, WVTC) verified my Reports.
Notes:
Jack Fox, Dunedin, New Zealand in email to author, January 15, 2001.
Jack is one of the founders of the NZ Radio DX League, and is currently Patron of the club.
Images:
1. original held in the Alex Allan Collection, New Zealand Radio DX League Archives Legacy Collection © The Hocken Library
2,3 US A.SC Photo © from 'Star Spangled Radio', A Sharpe Report by Ivan Saddler, © 10/2001 Southwest Museum of Engineering, Communications, and Computation. Glendale, AZ. Website: www.smecc.org.
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